The 2017 Annual Survey of the Mathematical Sciences in the U.S. paints a picture of women’s representation in mathematics.
As of 2017, women are…
First Jobs for New PhDs
Gender Differences in First Jobs for New US PhDs in the Mathematical Sciences by Marie A. Vitulli analyses data from the 1991-2015 Annual Surveys with an eye towards gender and citizenship differences. One conclusion was that there were striking differences in types of employment accepted by men and women. For more differences and details read the article.
It's not just about women.
The CBMS demographic survey, most recently completed in 2015, details the percentage of gender and of racial/ethnic groups among all tenured, tenure-eligible, postdoctoral, and other full-time faculty in mathematics departments of four-year colleges and universities. The data, shown below, underscore the lack of representation of many groups in the mathematical sciences. We report percentages among full-time faculty in math departments at colleges or universities in 2015.
What about other measures of representation?
“Common stereotypes associate high-level intellectual ability with men more than women and influence the interests of children as young as 6.”